Što je Lorem Ipsum
Četvrtak, 30 Svibanj 2013
Što je Lorem Ipsum?
Lorem Ipsum je jednostavno probni tekst koji se koristi u tiskarskoj i slovoslagarskoj industriji. Lorem Ipsum postoji kao industrijski standard još od 16-og stoljeća, kada je nepoznati tiskar uzeo tiskarsku galiju slova i posložio ih da bi napravio knjigu s uzorkom tiska. Taj je tekst ne samo preživio pet stoljeća, već se i vinuo u svijet elektronskog slovoslagarstva, ostajući u suštini nepromijenjen. Postao je popularan tijekom 1960-ih s pojavom Letraset listova s odlomcima Lorem Ipsum-a, a u skorije vrijeme sa software-om za stolno izdavaštvo kao što je Aldus PageMaker koji također sadrži varijante Lorem Ipsum-a.
Odakle dolazi?
Suprotno raširenom mišljenju, Lorem Ipsum nije samo slučajni tekst, već ima korijene u klasičnoj latinskoj književnosti iz godine 45. pr.n.e., što znači da mu je preko 2000 godina. Richard McClintock, profesor latinskog jezika na Hampden-Sydney koledžu u Virginiji, potražio je jednu od čudnijijh latinskih riječi, consectetur, iz Lorem Ipsum teksta, i prolazeći kroz citate te riječi u klasičnoj književnosti, otkrio nedvojbeni izvor. Lorem Ipsum dolazi iz odlomaka 1.10.32 i 1.10.33 Ciceronovog djela pod naslovom "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (Krajnosti dobra i zla), napisanog 45. godine pr.n.e. Ovo je djelo rasprava o teoriji etike, a bilo je vrlo popularno u Renesansi. Prvi redak Lorem Ipsum-a, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", dolazi iz odlomka 1.10.32.
Za one koje zanima, standardni dio Lorem Ipsum-a koji se koristi od 16.-og stoljeća može se naći u nastavku na ovoj stranici. Dijelovi 1.10.32 i 1.10.33 iz djela "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" su doslovno preneseni iz originala, popraćeni engleskim prijevodom H. Rackhama iz 1914.
Zašto ga koristimo?
Odavno je uspostavljena činjenica da čitača ometa razumljivi tekst dok gleda raspored elemenata na stranici. Smisao korištenja Lorem Ipsum-a jest u tome što umjesto 'sadržaj ovjde, sadržaj ovjde' imamo normalni raspored slova i riječi, pa čitač ima dojam da gleda tekst na razumljivom jeziku. Mnogi programi za stolno izdavaštvo i uređivanje web stranica danas koriste Lorem Ipsum kao zadani model teksta, i ako potražite 'lorem ipsum' na Internetu, kao rezultat dobit ćete mnoge stranice u izradi. Razne verzije razvile su se tijekom svih tih godina, ponekad slučajno, ponekad namjerno (s dodatkom humora i slično).
Gdje se može nabaviti?
Postoje mnoge varijacije odlomaka iz Lorem Ipsum-a, ali većina je pretrpjela kojekakve promjene s dodanim humorom, ili nasumičnim riječima koje nikako tu ne spadaju. Ako trebate koristiti Lorem Ipsum, morate biti sigurni da tekst ne sadrži skrivene nepodobne riječi ili fraze. Primjer generiranog Lorem Ipsum teksta.
Tekst preuzet sa: http://hr.lipsum.com/
Lorem Ipsum
In publishing and graphic design, lorem ipsum is placeholder text (filler text) commonly used to demonstrate the graphic elements of a document or visual presentation, such as font, typography, and layout, by removing the distraction of meaningful content. The lorem ipsum text is typically a section of a Latin text by Cicero with words altered, added and removed that make it nonsensical in meaning and not proper Latin.
Example text
A common form of lorem ipsum text reads as follows:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Another version of the text uses the word "adipisici" (rather than "adipiscing"; the digraph ng at the end of words is alien to classical Latin). Other versions of lorem ipsum include additional words to add variety so that repeated verses will not word-wrap on the same phrases.
History and discovery
A variation of the common lorem ipsum text has been used since the 1960's or earlier to provide a filler text during typesetting.
The text is derived from sections 1.10.32–3 of Cicero's "De finibus bonorum et malorum" (On the Boundaries of Goods and Evils, or alternatively [About] The Purposes of Good and Evil). The original passage began: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit (Translation: "Neither is there anyone who loves pain itself since it is pain and thus wants to obtain it").
It is not known exactly when the text acquired its current standard form; it may have been as late as the 1960s. Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar who was the publications director at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, discovered the source of the passage sometime before 1982 while searching for citings of the Latin word "consectetur", rarely used in classical literature.
The physical source of the Lorem Ipsum text may be the 1914 Loeb Classical Library Edition of the De Finibus, where the Latin text finishes page 34 with "Neque porro quisquam est qui do-" and begins page 36 with "lorem ipsum (et seq.) ...," suggesting that the galley type of that page was scrambled to make the dummy text seen today. This suggests that "lorem ipsum" may have been used as dummy text before the Letraset transfer sheets popularized it.
The original version (with the excerpted items highlighted) appears in Book 1, sections 32–3 (pagination varies by publisher):
[32] Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci[ng] velit, sed quia non numquam [do] eius modi tempora inci[di]dunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?
[33] At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint, obcaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat...
The text does not have any occurrences of the letters K or Z (not uncommon due to the letters' use primarily in the transliteration of Greek words), nor the letter W (it was not part of the Classical Roman Alphabet).
English translation
H. Rackham's 1914 translation - in the aforementioned Loeb Classical Library edition - with the major source of lorem ipsum highlighted:
[32] But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing of a pleasure and praising pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?
[33] On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammeled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.
Variations
Cicero's first Oration against Catiline is sometimes used in type specimens: Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet?…
Today's popular version of lorem ipsum was first created for Aldus Corporation's first desktop publishing program Aldus PageMaker in the mid-1980s for the Apple Macintosh. Art director Laura Perry adapted older forms of the lorem text from typography samples—it was, for example, widely used in Letraset catalogs in the 1960s and 1970s (anecdotes suggest that the original use of the "Lorem ipsum" text was by Letraset, which was used for print layouts by advertising agencies as early as the 1970s). The text was frequently used in PageMaker templates.
Various pieces of software, including text editors (or plug-in modules for same), can generate semi-random "lorem text" that often has little or nothing in common with the canonical variety, other than looking like (and often being) jumbled Latin. Apple's Pages and Keynote software use this jumbled text as a sample screenplay for their screenplay layout. Lorem ipsum is also featured on Joomla! and WordPress web content managers. Microsoft Office Word 2007, 2010 and 2013 have a Lorem ipsum feature. "Lorem and More" is an extension for inserting "lorem text" into web pages in Adobe Dreamweaver.
Tekst preuzet sa: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum#English_translation
Primjer generiranog Lorem Ipsum teksta:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Praesent nec lorem neque. Duis tristique leo in lorem hendrerit ut gravida erat euismod. Nam imperdiet lorem sed velit interdum tincidunt. Nunc viverra sem sed leo congue euismod. Sed at mauris metus. Nam sed luctus massa. Nam adipiscing lorem sit amet neque iaculis faucibus.
Vestibulum eleifend elementum rutrum. In venenatis fermentum magna, vel pretium lacus accumsan eu! Suspendisse potenti. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Donec elit dui, hendrerit eget cursus quis, sagittis in lacus. Donec et tincidunt ligula. Sed lectus erat, molestie nec sagittis vel, faucibus ut metus? Donec et leo massa; et porta urna. Ut velit nisi, posuere tempor blandit ut, aliquam malesuada risus? Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer ullamcorper bibendum mollis! In elit tellus, tempus et feugiat eu, sodales vel enim. Praesent ac arcu eu turpis faucibus cursus. Nulla id risus feugiat ipsum ullamcorper mollis. Etiam iaculis dictum nibh, quis placerat nisl vulputate et. Pellentesque sagittis imperdiet magna, in interdum urna rutrum ut.
Nullam justo nisl; mollis suscipit fringilla nec, cursus nec magna. Phasellus dictum suscipit libero ut malesuada! Ut id risus ut elit ornare commodo! Aliquam vulputate facilisis elit quis laoreet. Phasellus sed vehicula turpis. Vestibulum scelerisque accumsan nunc ut porta. Fusce non tincidunt sem. Donec sit amet neque risus, et tincidunt est. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Quisque accumsan lacinia lobortis. Aenean aliquet neque in turpis euismod sit amet sollicitudin orci vulputate. Nulla placerat libero quis nisi vestibulum id tincidunt eros convallis!
Fusce vel magna ante, id blandit orci. Cras varius vulputate eros eu vestibulum. Suspendisse ipsum metus, facilisis at imperdiet sed, dapibus ac eros. Donec vestibulum pellentesque purus; nec feugiat justo lobortis id. Proin a leo quis sapien placerat tempus iaculis eget lacus! Sed quam est, elementum et tempor eu, semper vitae sapien. Maecenas eleifend volutpat ullamcorper. Suspendisse elementum eleifend dolor id imperdiet? Nulla lobortis nibh id est rutrum non porta nisi mollis. Mauris aliquet lacus vitae sem aliquam ac sollicitudin justo egestas. Integer lacinia sagittis est, eget congue tellus suscipit id. Donec commodo ante non nulla facilisis tempus porttitor odio egestas. Praesent facilisis libero sed tellus pretium nec interdum tellus euismod? Aliquam laoreet scelerisque tortor.
Aliquam condimentum lacinia felis, vitae convallis enim dignissim id. Ut facilisis, libero quis sagittis tempus, dui velit dapibus leo, sit amet tincidunt risus massa eget dui. Cras magna quam, faucibus eget mollis eu, tincidunt eget tellus. Nam sed blandit lectus. Fusce at tellus lectus, in interdum augue. In quis diam dolor, sed molestie eros. Suspendisse aliquet risus ac massa iaculis suscipit. Fusce nulla orci, vestibulum ut semper quis, interdum vestibulum risus.
Aliquam erat volutpat. Fusce sodales lacus a orci porttitor vitae tincidunt leo rutrum. Vestibulum tristique enim nec risus lobortis pretium. Vestibulum rutrum ipsum a ipsum tempor fringilla. Pellentesque nec neque iaculis enim ultricies euismod. Morbi tortor sem, cursus eget molestie sit amet; accumsan ac ante. Proin faucibus aliquam turpis pretium consectetur. Praesent fermentum orci nec tortor aliquet consectetur. Vestibulum in dapibus nunc. Vivamus vulputate augue ut leo congue dignissim. Aenean placerat semper orci, at eleifend turpis rhoncus eget? Aliquam porttitor semper laoreet.
Curabitur ante enim; laoreet et scelerisque nec, iaculis vitae turpis. Quisque semper ante in tortor tristique nec egestas libero iaculis. In elementum scelerisque rutrum. Integer nec eros odio. Donec eget nisi ante, vel rutrum risus. Curabitur id risus at ligula volutpat aliquam non et ligula. Nullam mollis, lectus fringilla lacinia pharetra, tellus ante commodo erat, eu vehicula velit tortor a odio.
Morbi porttitor nisi nec enim rhoncus volutpat. Maecenas sed purus nisi. Pellentesque dignissim tempus luctus. Aliquam erat volutp
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